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e-Skills[de]
Published: Tuesday 25 April 2006
In a joint effort, industry and the EU seek to make as many EU residents as possible computer-literate. They profit professionally and in their private lives, and the potential benefits for the economy are huge.
More on this topic:
News
LinksDossiers
Analysis
EU removes barriers to qualifications transfer (24 April 2008)
Commission to increase mobility of learners (11 April 2008)
ICT sector to monitor its own CO2 emissions (10 April 2008)
Car software to spot green traffic lights and cut CO2 (27 March 2008)
i2010 (08 June 2007)
Bridging the 'digital divide': EU policies (10 October 2006)
eLearning (04 February 2004)
Introduction - Workers' mobility (24 January 2007)
Still 'a long path ahead' despite Blue Card initiative (06 November 2007)
Labour migration expanding in OECD countries (06 July 2007)
Comments: Migration benefits the economy - so stop the hypocrisy (13 September 2006)
Analysis: Bruegel on high-skilled immigration (28 April 2006)
Milestones:
October 2006: European e-Skills 2006 Conference
, following up on the 2002 and 2004 events, in Thessaloniki, Greece.
7 June 2007: Major IT industry companies, including Microsoft, Oracle, Cisco and HP and a number of skills and training organisations, such as CompTIA and Global Knowledge, set up the e-Skills Leadership Board, which sets out to "leverage the capabilities of its members to improve digital literacy".
7 September 2007: Commission releases Communication "e-skills for the 21st century: fostering competitiveness, growth and jobs"
2010: Date by which the European Alliance on Skills for Employability
pledged to train 20 million Europeans in IT.
Policy Summary
Links
As Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sets out to penetrate almost every part of human economic activity, skills in this area become more and more important, and those who do not have sufficient skills suffer from a major disadvantage on the labour market. Since definition and evaluation criteria for skills remain often quite diffuse, companies do not manage to put the person with the right skills in the right workplace. On the other hand, skills are often wasted because workers have been placed where they can't make sufficient use of the skills they have.
A June 2006 Eurostat report on Europeans' e-literacy revealed that 37% of people aged between 16 and 74 in the EU-25 had no basic computer skills. According to the OECD, 20% of total employment could be replaced due to a growing IT skills shortage in Europe.
E-skills refers to practitioner skills as well as to user skills. CEDEFOP, the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, differs three target groups:
the ICT practitioner, who deals with and need the skills for for researching, developing, designing and managing, the producing, consulting, marketing and selling, the integrating, in-stalling and administrating, the maintaining, supporting and service of ICT systems
the ICT user, who needs the skills required for effective application of ICT systems and devices as tools in support of the own work
e-Business, where skills are needed to exploit opportunities provided by ICT to ensure more efficient and effective performance of different types of organisations.
EU economies as a whole could become more effective, productive and competitive if better skills in all the right places could be assured. Especially with respect to ICT, where skill levels are extremely different, this is important. At the level of basic skills, 45% of all EU workers and 73.5% of white collar workers use a computer for their job. Still, only 16% of EU workers have received IT training paid by their employers. Most of them had to learn on their own how to use a computer. These numbers have almost not changed in the ten years since the publication of the Commission's 1996 Green paper "Living and working in the Information Society
". Already then, a consultation on the paper stressed the need of eSkills to avoid that the Information Society excludes those already disadvantaged in society.
In 1999, Career Space
- a Commission-funded industry initiative - was launched to address gaps and mismatches in ICT skills, an issue that was also treated
two years later by the Lulea Informal Telecom Council.
In 2001, the Commission established a Task Force on Skills and Mobility, which in its final report
recommended that "Member States should ensure that all citizens acquire basic skills, including literacy and numeracy, information technology (particularly ICT skills through tools such as the European Computer Driving Licence
), and social competencies, such as teamwork, problem solving and learning to learn. Member States should ensure that these skills are acquired by age 16, and achieve this objective by 2006". In addition, the Task Force recommended that "Member States should encourage public/private partnerships, both for enterprises and the public sector, to better monitor the demand for ICT and e-business skills and to help define and prioritise the skills to be matched notably against industry requirements, to generate detailed skills profiles (e.g. along the principles used by the Career Space, and related curricula and training facilities, and to Consortium in the ICT-sector) promote e-learning."
A number
of
conferences
since addressed various issues connected to e-Skills. In 2005, the Barroso Commission made education and skills
one of ten top priorities of its Growth and Jobs Strategy.
Issues:
Digital divide: A number of factors make it more or less likely whether a person has a sufficient level of e-Skills. People from countries with high internet penetration - like Germany, Belgium or the Nordic countries - have an advantage over people where the penetration is low, like Poland or Greece. Men have an advantage over women, highly-educated people and white-collar workers over people with lower education levels and blue-collar workers. People from migrant communities are disadvantaged as compared to those whose parents have always lived in the same country, and the poor are disadvantaged as compared to the wealthy. If no measures are taken, the lack of e-Skills will therefore reinforce already existing divides in society and prevent people from working their way up.
Certification: Research shows that workers with certified IT skills would be offered better payment when hired, both in IT and non-IT roles. A workshop
in Brussels dealt with the question of certifying computer skills. The Copenhagen process
aims "to strengthen policies, systems and practices that support information, guidance and counselling, at all levels of education, training and employment, particularly on issues concerning access and transferability and recognition of competences and qualifications". At an end user level, the European Computer Driving Licence
provides such a certification. Microsoft's IT Academies
provide alumni with different levels of certification exams.
Positions:
At the launch event for the e-Skill Leadership Board, Commission Vice President Günter Verheugen said: "There is now a broad agreement on the main challenges and the key components of a long-term e-skills agenda. They are basically the following:
Longer term cooperation between public authorities, industry, academia, trade unions and associations through scalable and sustainable multi-stakeholder partnerships;
human resources investment to ensure sufficient public and private sector investments in e-skills education;
attractiveness and the promotion of science, maths and ICT as well as role models, job profiles and career perspectives;
employability and e-inclusion and the development of digital literacy and e-competence actions tailored to the needs of groups at risk of exclusion, and;
lifelong acquisition of e-skills and the promotion of better and more user-centric e-learning approaches."
On the launch of the European Alliance on Skills for Employability
, Employment Commissioner Vladimír Špidla said: "The most important phase of the European Union’s growth and jobs strategy is underway, and the spotlight is firmly on delivering results. Partnerships between the Member States and the private sector can also make a major contribution to Europe’s competitiveness as a region and for its citizens. I welcome the creation of the European Alliance on Skills for Employability. The alliance is a leading example of how innovative business-to-business collaborations, working with different stakeholders, can provide opportunities to the European unemployed. Access to skills training, content provision and certification can help older workers, people with disabilities and the young to face the challenges of unemployment and the changing workplace, and so contribute to Europe’s prosperity."
Education and Culture Commissioner Ján Figel said: "A learning society for all is the most valid guarantee against exclusion. Knowledge, skills and competences are the main capital of European citizens and e-skills are a key competence in the context of lifelong learning. But only 10% of the European population participate in lifelong learning. ICT has the potential to enable innovation and lifelong learning for all. We must ensure that this becomes a reality."
Information Society Commissioner Viviane Reding said: "Shortfalls of qualified ICT practitioners slow down new ICT applications in the economy and draw away billions of euros of investment funds to dynamic emerging economies, where hundreds of thousands of new engineers are qualifying each year. Digital illiteracy, still standing at nearly 40%, is also a persistent feature of Europe's digital divide. We can no longer afford to waste the talents of millions of Europeans by leaving them out of the information society. Member States and industry must commit to a substantial e-skills strategy."
Jan Muehlfeit, Microsoft’s Chairman Europe, said, commenting on the Commission's Communication 'e-skills for the 21st century': "We fully support this Communication, and will continue doing our part to make the EU e-skills agenda a reality. The skills gap threatens Europe’s competitiveness and social balance. We need less talk and more action. The European Commission and industry are on board, and we look to EU Member States to play a key role in implementing the e-skills action plan. Microsoft is committed to investing for a more employable, more educated and more competitive Europe."
Hugo Lueders, Director Public Policy Europe with CompTIA, the Computing Technology Industry Association, and also engaged with the Skills for Employability Alliance, said in an interview with EurActiv: With more than 20 million people unemployed in Europe, a rapidly ageing population and rising competitiveness pressures, strengthening investment in 'skills for employability' is a key plank of the EU-wide Strategy for Jobs and Growth."
Social Platform President Anne-Sophie Parent said with respect to jobs commitments by big companies that besides the sheer figures the quality of the jobs must be taken into account. She stressed the need to bring disadvantaged groups into jobs and the potential of ICT of achieving this. She said not only ICT literacy was important to profit of these opportunities, but also access to the internet. For that reason, she argued, the internet should be declared a service of general interest, which member states should bring to all citizens.
Links
Policy Summary
EU official documents
Commission: Communication "e-skills for the 21st century: fostering competitiveness, growth and jobs"
(COM(2007) 496 final, 7 September 2007)
Enterprise Commissioner Günter Verheugen (Speech): E-skills for the 21st century: fostering competitiveness, growth and jobs
(7 June 2007)
Commission (Press release): Commission proposes actions to foster 21st Century e-Skills
[FR]
[DE]
(7 September 2007)
European e-Skills 2006 Conference: Website
(5-6 October 2006)
Eurostat: How skilled are Europeans in using computers and the Internet
(20 June 2006)
Commission: Jobs and Growth Strategy - Increase investment in human capital through better education and skills
DG Enterprise: eSkills for competitiveness, employability and workforce development
(Portal)
Commission: Education and training
(Portal)
DG Education and Culture: 'Education and Training 2010' - Main policy initiatives and outputs in education and training since the year 2000
(March 2006)
Commission: Action Plan for skills and mobility
[FR]
[DE]
(13 February 2006)
Commission (Communication): Strategies for Jobs in the Information Society
[FR]
[DE]
(4 February 2006)
DG Enterprise: Workshop "e-Skills industry certifications"
, Opening remarks by Director General Pedro Ortun
(24 March 2004 )
Council Transports, Telecommunication and Energy: ICT and e-Business skills in Europe
(Conclusions, 5 and 6 December 2002)
Commission (Staff Working paper): Information Society jobs - quality for change
[FR]
[DE]
(3 April 2002)
Commission: Communication "The impact of the e-Economy on European Enterprises: Economic Analysis and Policy Implications"
[FR]
[DE]
(COM(2001)711; 29 November 2001)
Commission (Staff Working Document): Benchmarking Report following-up the "Strategies for jobs in the Information Society"
[FR]
[DE]
(7 February 2001)
Commission (Communication): Job opportunities in the Information Society - Exploiting the potential of the information revolution
[FR]
[DE]
(1998)
Commission: Communication on The Social and Labour Market Dimension of the Information Society
[FR]
[DE]
(23 July 1997)
Commission: Green paper "Living and working in the Information Society
[FR]
[DE]
(24 July 1996)
European e-Skills 2004 Conference Website
(Cached copy)
, Background paper
, Final declaration
High Level Group on the Employment and Social Dimension of the Information Society (ESDIS)
[FR]
[DE]
High Level Task Force on Skills and Mobility: Final report
[FR]
[DE]
(14 December 2001)
Institute for Prospective Technological Studies: ICTs and social capital in the knowledge society
(Report on a Joint DG JRC/DG Employment Workshop, 3-4 November 2003)
European e-Skills Forum: e-Skills for Europe: Towards 2010 and beyond
(Synthesis report, September 2004)
ICT Skills Monitoring Group: E-Business and ICT skills in Europe - Benchmarking Member States Policy Initiatives
(18 December 2002) Synthesis report
, Appendices
(June 2002)
e-Skills Summit: European e-Skills Summit Declaration
(16–18 October 2002)
CEDEFOP: ICT and e-business skills and training in Europe
(Synthesis report, September 2004)
CEDEFOP (Deputy Director Stavros Stavrou): Concluding statement at 2004 e-Skills conference
(22 September 2004)
Eurydice European Unit: Key Data on Information and Communication Technology in Schools in Europe
European Committee for Standardisation (CEN/ISSS; Luc Van den Berghe): Towards a European e-Skills framework
(24-25 March 2004)
Eurostat (Christophe Demunter): Digital divide and access to ICT skills, a comparative overview
(19-20 September 2004)
Governments
Czech Republic:
Jitka Krcilová , Head of Department, Ministry of Informatics: How to Participate in the Global Sourcing
(20 - 21 September 2004)
France:
Gérard Corré, General Council on Information Technologies and André Gauron, High Committee on Education, Economy and Employment: Skills and certifications in France
(24 - 25 March 2004)
Germany:
Andrea Heyn, Federal Ministry of Education and Research: New ways of qualification in the Information Society
(24 - 25 March 2004)
Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung; Volker Rein) Applied e-Skills: Electronic Business Skills and Qualifications in Commercial Service Occupations
(20 - 21 September 2004)
Ireland:
Foras Áiseanna Saothair (Training and Employment Authority): e-Skills Industry certification: An Irish case study
(24 - 25 March 2004)
Norway:
Jan Peter Strømsheim, Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research: e-Skills Norway
(24 - 25 March 2004)
Portugal:
Joana Pina Pereira, Unidade de Missao Innovacao e Conhecimento Challenges for the Portuguese and European e-Skills Meta-Frameworks
(20 - 21 September 2004)
Spain:
Jimena Acedo Batalla, Ministry of Science and Technology: The Forintel programme - Presentation
, Programme
(24 - 25 March 2004)
Industry federations and trade unions
ETUC, UNICE and CEEP: Framework agreement on telework
[FR]
(20 September 2001)
European Alliance on Skills for Employability
e-Learning Industry Group (e-LIG; Walter Stepanek): The e Learning Industry Group Perspective
(20 - 21 September 2004)
Career Space: Future skills for tomorrow's world
UEAPME: Industry e-Skills certifications: Expectations, needs and experiences from SMEs
(24 - 25 March 2004)
UNI-Europa: Workshop on e-Skills and Industry certification - UNI-Europa position
(25 March 2004)
UNI-Europa (Peter Skyte, President): ‘Cows, computers and citizens - e-skills in Europe’
(20 - 21 September 2004) Presentation
(20 - 21 September 2004)
European Metal Workers' Federation (Erwin Vitt, Member of the executive board of IG Metall, responsible for education and training): Job Creating and Qualification Policy: Challenges to a European IT Sector Strategy
(20 - 21 September 2004)
German Metal Workers' Union (Michael Ehrke , Member of the Executive Board): Advanced IT Training and Lifelong Learning
(20 - 21 September 2004)
Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) on behalf of the eSkills Certification Consortium (eSCC): The situation and the role of e-Skills industry certification in Europe
(August 2004)
CompTIA (Neill Hopkins and Steve Gilroy): European ICT Career Development System and Global ICT Career Portal
(24 - 25 March 2004)
Oracle: Oracle welcomes EU initiative to combat digital illiteracy
(october 2007)
Microsoft: Delivering 21st Century Skills for Employability in Europe
(January 2006)
Microsoft: Microsoft and Partners Intensify Skills Training to Help EU Reach Its Jobs and Growth Targets
(4 May 2006)
Council of European Professional Informatics Societies (CEPIS; Matthew Dixon): Towards a European e-Skills Framework
(24 - 25 March 2004)
CEPIS (Wolffried Stucky): Access to High Level e-Skills, Expertise and Training
(20 - 21 September 2004)
e-Skills UK (Terry Hook): Managing the IT Asset
(20 - 21 September 2004)
BT: BT Global Services - The A+ Programme
(24 - 25 March 2004)
IBM (Michael Pyschny, Business Development Linux, CR): Importance of Open Source Software Skills
(24 - 25 March 2004)
Nokia (Veli-Pekka Niitamo, Research Director, Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research): Multi-stakeholder collaboration for Information Society Innovation
(20 - 21 September 2004)
Pearson VUE (Lynette Innes, Director of Marketing EMEA): e-Skills industry certification: the situation in Europe
(24 - 25 March 2004)
Think-Tanks
Danish Technological Institute, Rand and Skope: Explaining Student Performance - Evidence from the international PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS surveys
(November 2005)
Rand Europe: The supply and demand of e-Skills in Europe
(September 2005)
Price Waterhouse Coopers: Rethinking the European ICT Agenda
(Report commissioned by the Dutch EU Presidency, September 2004)
Danish Technological Institute, Rand and Skope: Defining a Strategy for the Direct Assessment of Skills
(November 2004)
European Institute for e-Learning (Patrick Chevalier, Associate): e- Portfolio and portals
(20 - 21 September 2004)
Flensburg University (Willy A. Petersen): Frameworks of ICT skills and qualifications in a European perspective
(20 - 21 September 2004)
University of Jyväskylä (Matti Vesa Volanen): Lessons learnt from new kinds of training provision for eCraftcitizenship for everyone
(20 - 21 September 2004)
Interactive University (Roy Leitch, CEO): Distributing Education: Forming value added partnerships
(20 - 21 September 2004)
Henri Tudor Research Centre (Linda Szelest): Foresight experience: The ICT skills of the trainer tomorrow
(20 - 21 September 2004)
Istituto Formazione Operatori Aziendali (IFOA; Luca Boetti): Europrofiles for all
(20 - 21 September 2004)
Tavistock Institute (Joe Cullen): Lost and Found: the e-skills revolution and unintended exclusion
(20 - 21 September 2004)
Fraunhofer Institute (Josh C. Beier): Towards a European Meta-Framework: Chance and Challenge
(24 - 25 March 2004)
Arjan van Dijk, Annette Hacquebard, Joep Swagemakers: e-Skills certification: NL case study
(24 - 25 March 2004)
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